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sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The Bogossian formula is a reliable tool for QTc interval evaluation in pacemaker patients with LBBB due to apical or non-apical RV pacing. 2018 May-Jun;51(3):481-486. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.12.039. 2016. However, the complexity of the formula, does not offer a good solution for daily clinical practice. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. Sagie A, Larson MG, Goldberg RJ, Bengston JR, Levy D. Luo S, Michler K, Johnton P, Macfarlane PW. Weipert KF, et al. eCollection 2020 Oct. QTc interval evaluation in patients with right bundle branch block or bifascicular blocks. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 37(6):724730 CrossRef, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-018-1275-6, Application of the Bogossian formula for evaluation of the QT interval in pacemaker patients with stimulated left bundle branch block | springermedizin.de. Pacemaker and AQUA Institute for Applied Quality Improvement and Research in Health Care GmbH workgroup. A total of 163 patients with a cardiac one- or two-chamber pacemaker were included in this prospective, multicentre observational study. Epub 2018 May 11. MeSH We used linear regression, the Bogossian method, and our new fixed QRS replacement method to evaluate the most reliable correction method. N Engl J Med 348(19):18661874 CrossRef, Zurck zum Zitat Rautaharju PM, Zhang ZM, Prineas R, Heiss G (2004) Assessment of prolonged QT and JT intervals in ventricular conduction defects. Ausgabe 11/2018. However, an overestimation of 30 ms should be included in the calculation. Epub 2020 May 19. Frommeyer G, Bogossian H, Pechlivanidou E, Conzen P, Gemein C, Weipert K, Helmig I, Chasan R, Johnson V, Eckardt L, Hamm CW, Seyfarth M, Lemke B, Zarse M, Schmitt J, Erkapic D. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. Die Bogossian-Formel ist eine alltagstaugliche Methode, die mutmalich wahre Dauer der Repolarisation im EKG mit verbreiterten Kammerkomplexen zu ermitteln. The Bogossian formula is a reliable tool for QTc interval evaluation in pacemaker patients with LBBB due to apical or non-apical RV pacing. A total of 163 patients with a cardiac one- or two-chamber pacemaker were included in this prospective, multicentre observational study. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol. D. Erkapic. Would you like email updates of new search results? Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Clinical Research in Cardiology In this formula, the modified QT interval is calculated by subtracting 50% of the length of the BBB-QRS from the measured QT interval (QTm= QTBBB- 50% QRSBBB). Applicability of a Novel Formula (Bogossian formula) for Evaluation of the QT-Interval in Heart Failure and Left Bundle Branch Block Due to Right Ventricular Pacing Applicability of a Novel Formula (Bogossian formula) for Evaluation of the QT-Interval in Heart Failure and Left Bundle Branch Block Due to Right Ventricular Pacing Bookshelf In this study we proved for the first time the validity and applicability of the experimentally acquired formula for the evaluation of the QT interval in the presence of LBBB in a clinical setting. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. No part of this service may be reproduced in any way without express written consent of QxMD. Zurck zum Zitat Woosley RL, Romero K (2013) Assessing cardiovascular drug safety for clinical decision-making. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. This 'Bogossian' formula was reported to be a reliable tool for QT interval estimation in patients with heart failure and right ventricular pacing [ 9 ]. New formula for defining "normal" and "prolonged" QT in patients with bundle branch block. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Nat Rev Cardiol 10(6):330337 CrossRef, Zurck zum Zitat Schneider JF, Thomas HE Jr, McNamara PM, Kannel WB (1985) Clinical-electrocardiographic correlates of newly acquired left bundle branch block: the Framingham Study. Results: The Bogossian formula is a reliable tool for QTc interval evaluation in pacemaker patients with LBBB due to apical or non-apical RV pacing and preserved left ventricular function. Accessibility Reply: QT interval measurements in patients with left bundle branch block. KW - Long QT METHODS: A total of 163 patients with a cardiac one- or two-chamber pacemaker were included in this prospective, multicentre observational study. Genau wie die QT-Zeit bei normalen QRS muss auch die so modifizierte QT-Zeit frequenzkorrigiert werden, sofern die Frequenz nennenswert von 60 min-1 abweicht. QT interval prolongation is associated with a risk of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and torsades de pointes, and there was no significant difference between the QTc interval in AF and SR when assessed by Fredericias formula. 2016 in press, Markewitz A (2015) Annual report 2013 of the German Cardiac Pacemaker And Defibrillator RegisterPart 2: implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. 2019 Mar 19;8(6):e010972. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 26(4):374398, Rautaharju PM, Surawicz B, Gettes LS, Bailey JJ, Childers R et al (2009) AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part IV: the ST segment, T and U waves, and the QT interval: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. Careers. Zurck zum Zitat Bogossian H, Frommeyer G, Ninios I, Hasan EP F, et al. After LBBB correction using the reported Bogossian formula, the QTc interval was evaluated with Bazett's formula. Epub 2017 Apr 21. The purpose of this study is to validate the newest formula to evaluate QT interval in the presence of LBBB with the aim of validating the abovementioned formula in the clinical setting. Erkapic D, Frommeyer G, Brettner N, Szener K, Crijns HJGM, Seyfarth M, Hamm CW, Bogossian H. Clin Cardiol. 8600 Rockville Pike 2016 Sep;27(3):307-22. doi: 10.1007/s00399-016-0439-1. The QT-interval you use to enter in the calculator should preferably be determined from the average of 3 consecutive beats. doi: 10.1111/anec.12458. Bogossian H, Linz D, Heijman J, Bimpong-Buta NY, Bandorski D, Frommeyer G, Erkapic D, Seyfarth M, Zarse M, Crijns HJ. QTb = gemessene QT-Zeit 2018 Nov;107 (11):1033-1039. doi: 10.1007/s00392-018-1275-6. AU - Gemein,C, The presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) represents a particular challenge in properly measuring the QT interval. Application of the Bogossian formula for evaluation of the QT interval in pacemaker patients with stimulated left bundle branch block. Conclusion: In combination with the Hodge formula, the Boggosian formula delivered the best results in comparing the true QTc interval in narrow QRS with the QTmc interval in the presence of a bifascicular block. PMC FOIA 2014 Dec;11(12):2273-7. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.08.026. J Card Fail 18(12):939949, Vrtovec B, Ryazdanbakhsh AP, Pintar T, Collard CD, Gregoric ID, Radovancevic B (2006) QTc interval prolongation predicts postoperative mortality in heart failure patients undergoing surgical revascularization. e.g. 2020 Sep;43(9):957-962. doi: 10.1002/clc.23389. Bei LSB, RSB und rechtsventrikulrer Schrittmacher-Stimulation sind die sonst blichen Grenzwerte fr die QT-Zeit deshalb nicht geeignet, die Arrhythmiegefhrdung betroffener Patienten abzuschtzen. Die Formel hat Bogossian 2014 erstmals fr Patienten mit LSB vorgestellt (Bogossian et al. Please confirm that you would like to log out of Medscape. Weipert KF, Bogossian H, Conzen P, Frommeyer G, Gemein C, Helmig I, Chasan R, Eckardt L, Seyfarth M, Lemke B, Zarse M, Hamm CW, Schmitt J, Erkapic D. Clin Res Cardiol. Would you like email updates of new search results? The purpose of this study is therefore to validate the abovementioned formula in the clinical setting. Dr. Saige's primary research is focused on heart valve diseases and transesophageal echocardiography. 2017 Jul;22(4):e12475. doi: 10.1111/anec.12475. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. The Bogossian formula is a reliable tool for QTc interval evaluation in pacemaker patients with LBBB due to apical or non-apical RV pacing and preserved left ventricular function. eCollection 2020 Oct. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. The QT interval of the electrocardiogram is prolonged in right and left bundle-branch block, which is probably due to the conduction defect and delayed depolarization (and thus repolarization) of the heart. AU - Weipert,K F, Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Previously, he was a researcher for the Framingham Heart Study in Boston, Massachusetts. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. - 193.70.22.229. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-018-1275-6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-018-1275-6. An official website of the United States government. The ECG pattern of high-grade LAD stenosis has proven to be an important marker ofhigh-risk patients with chest pain and may also be seen in patients with a right ventricular pacemaker on resumption of native QRS conduction. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc. A practice formula to eliminate the effect of depolarization changes on QT interval in patients with R BBB is developed and allows a rapid and practical method for QT correction in RBBB in clinical practice. 2013 Jun;10(6):330-7 The newest formula to evaluate QT interval in the presence of LBBB suggests: modified QT during LBBB = measured QT interval minus 50% of LBBB duration. Before FOIA Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 2020 Sep;43(9):957-962. doi: 10.1002/clc.23389. The QT interval measured during LBBB was corrected using the Bogossian formula to obtain the "modified QT" (QTm). Schon sehr lange ist klar, dass die gemessene QT-Zeit bei Schenkelblockbildern die tatschliche Dauer der Repolarisation bersteigt. QTc evaluation in patients with bundle branch block. Mahmud R, Gray A, Nabeebaccus A, Whyte MB. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 2021 Sep-Oct;62(5):501-510. doi: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2021.02.003. Subsequently, rate-correction formula should be applied as usual. National Library of Medicine Fr Ihr optimales Nutzungserlebnis whlen Sie bitte Microsoft Edge, Safari, Chrome oder Firefox als Browser. Tex Heart Inst J. Epub 2017 Mar 3. Wang B, Zhang LI, Cong P, Chu H, Liu Y, Liu J, Surkis W, Xia Y. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. Application of the Bogossian formula for evaluation of the QT interval in pacemaker patients with stimulated left bundle branch block. The acquired mean native QTc intervals and those calculated by the presented formula displayed no significant differences (p > .99 and p > .75). EP - 1039 QT-Zeit und QRS-Breite knnen (natrlich nach visueller berprfung ) dem EKG-Auswertealgorithmus entnommen oder per EKG-Lineal gemessen werden. The QTc interval was determined to be 461 34 ms (modified by Bogossian's formula) in paced and 436 34 ms in intrinsic rhythm. Applicability of a Novel Formula (Bogossian formula) for Evaluation of the QT-Interval in Heart Failure and Left Bundle Branch Block Due to Right Ventricular Pacing. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. The site is secure. AU - Lemke,B, Incidence and outcomes of long QTc in acute medical admissions. Eur J Heart Fail 13(10):10601069, Frommeyer G, Rajamani S, Grundmann F, Stypmann J, Osada N et al (2012) New insights into the beneficial electrophysiologic profile of ranolazine in heart failure: prevention of ventricular fibrillation with increased postrepolarization refractoriness and without drug-induced proarrhythmia. Introduction Y1 - 2018/05/11/ and transmitted securely. VL - 107 QTc evaluation in patients with bundle branch block. Heart Rhythm 11(12):22732277, Bogossian H, Frommeyer G, Ninios I, Hasan EP F, et al. Epub 2018 May 11. Circulation 119(10):e241-e250, Postema PG, De Jong JS, Van der Bilt IA, Wilde AA (2008) Accurate electrocardiographic assessment of the QT interval: teach the tangent. Causes of prolonged QT include drugs (antiarrhythmics, psychotropics, antihistamines, antibiotics and antifungals), electrolyte abnormalities (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia), myocardial pathology (ischemia, myocarditis, post-pacing), hypothyroidism, intracranial pathology and congenital casues among others. The Bogossian formula showed a significant deviation from the actual QTc interval with both the Bazett and the Fridericia formulas. Texas Heart Inst J 33(1):38, Zurck zum Zitat Inoue K, Okayama H, Nishimura K, Saito M, Yoshii T et al (2011) Right ventricular septal pacing preserves global left ventricular longitudinal function in comparison with apical pacing: analysis of speckle tracking echocardiography. AU - Eckardt,L, 2018 Nov;107(11):1033-1039. doi: 10.1007/s00392-018-1275-6. the correction formula used to correct the QT-interval for heart rate, age and/or sex, although age and sex are known modulating factors of the QTc-interval. Estimation of the QTc interval in the presence of right bundle branch block: A comparative study using validated formulae for left bundle branch block. Google Scholar, Schneider JF, Thomas HE Jr, McNamara PM, Kannel WB (1985) Clinical-electrocardiographic correlates of newly acquired left bundle branch block: the Framingham Study. 2017 Jun;28(6):684-689. doi: 10.1111/jce.13203. AU - Hamm,C W, Twelve-lead ECG recordings were obtained during both intrinsic rhythm and RV pacing with induced LBBB. government site. Epub 2014 Aug 19. This information is not intended to replace clinical judgment or guide individual patient care in any manner. The novel Bogossian formula seems to be a reliable tool for QTc interval evaluation in patients with heart failure and right ventricular pacing. Skip to main page content National Institutes of Health . Background: View 3 excerpts, references methods and background. In the case of pacemaker stimulation, the Bogossian formula was additionally applied (31). volume107,pages 10331039 (2018)Cite this article. Bookshelf Careers. 2014), spter wurde auch die Anwendung bei Schrittmacherpatienten (Weipert KF et al. Die Formel: QT m = modifizierte QT-Zeit nach Bogossian QTm = QTb - 48.5 % * QRSb und vereinfacht QTm = QTb - 50 % * QRSb QTm = modifizierte QT-Zeit QTb = gemessene QT-Zeit QRSb = gemessene QRS-Breite QT-Zeit und QRS-Breite knnen (natrlich nach visueller berprfung ) dem EKG-Auswertealgorithmus entnommen oder per EKG-Lineal gemessen werden. In addition to the standard electrical parameter QTc, we assessed markers for regional electrical. Clinical Research in Cardiology (AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations 2009 und Rautaharju PM et al. Validation in two separate groups of patients: Patients who alternated between narrow QRS and intermittent LBBB and patients with narrow QRS who developed LBBB after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). New formula for defining "normal" and "prolonged" QT in patients with bundle branch block. 2017 Apr;40(4):409-416. doi: 10.1111/pace.13027. Methods: Erkapic D, Frommeyer G, Brettner N, Szener K, Crijns HJGM, Seyfarth M, Hamm CW, Bogossian H. Clin Cardiol. Results: Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Here we demonstrate the applicability of the Bogossian formula in pacemaker patients with LBBB due to apical or nonapical right ventricular (RV) pacing and preserved left ventricular function. The site is secure. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. AU - Frommeyer,G, Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. In the apical group the QTmc was determined to be 444 39 ms in paced rhythm and the QTc interval 413 36 ms in intrinsic rhythm. Inclusion criteria were: no permanent right ventricular stimulation, an intrinsic QRS interval of <120 ms, and reduced left ventricular function. and transmitted securely. Would you like email updates of new search results? Heart Rhythm 11(12):22732277 CrossRef, Zurck zum Zitat Bogossian H, Frommeyer G, Ninios I, Hasan EP F, et al. Department of Cardiology, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany. T1 - Application of the Bogossian formula for evaluation of the QT interval in pacemaker patients with stimulated left bundle branch block. PY - 2018/05/07/accepted 2017 Jul;22(4):e12458. Reply: QT interval measurements in patients with left bundle branch block. Conclusion: JT interval; Left bundle branch block; Long QT; Pacemaker; QT formula; QT interval. Abb.). This method involves completing the square of the quadratic expression to the form (x + d)^2 = e, where d and e are constants. damir.erkapic@diakonie-sw.de. Disclaimer. 2018 May-Jun;51(3):481-486. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.12.039. In the apical group the QTmc was determined to be 44439ms in paced rhythm and the QTc interval 41336ms in intrinsic rhythm. However, an overestimation of 30ms should be included in the calculation. Fr die nach Bogossian modifizierte QT sollte dies mglichst mit der Hodges-Formel (nicht Bazett oder Fridericia) erfolgen. 2014 Dec;11(12):2273-7. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.08.026. 2020 Sep 19;30:100636. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100636. Circulation 119(10):e241-e250 CrossRef, Zurck zum Zitat Postema PG, De Jong JS, Van der Bilt IA, Wilde AA (2008) Accurate electrocardiographic assessment of the QT interval: teach the tangent. The QTmc interval was calculated with the Bazett formula, and this was compared with the QTc interval during intrinsic rhythm. Department of Cardiology, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany. What is the golden rule for solving equations? Am J Cardiol 55(11):13321338 CrossRef, Zurck zum Zitat Bogossian H, Frommeyer G, Ninios I, Hasan F, Nguyen QS et al (2014) New formula for evaluation of the QT interval in patients with left bundle branch block. View 2 excerpts, references background and methods, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. PY - 2019/5/29/medline 12 PDF Assessment of QT and JT Intervals in Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block P. Tabatabaei, Ala Keikhavani, +6 authors A. Alizadeh Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Before Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Department of Cardiology, Diakonie Jung-Stilling Hospital, Wichernstrasse 40, 57074, Siegen, Germany. However, a slight overestimation of the QT-interval must be respected. New formula for evaluation of the QT interval in patients with left bundle branch block. | However, the investigators cautioned that a 25 ms overestimation of the QT interval should be expected with this formula [ 9 ]. 2014 Dec;11(12):2273-7. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.08.026. 2020 Sep 19;30:100636. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100636. 2022 Aug 19;22(1):376. doi: 10.1186/s12872-022-02812-5. Latest evidence on COVID-19 from PubMed, WHO, CDC. Twelve-lead ECG recordings were obtained during both intrinsic rhythm and RV pacing with induced LBBB. Application of the Bogossian formula for evaluation of the QT interval in pacemaker patients with stimulated left bundle branch block. The JTc is a simple measurement that is a significant independent predictor of incident CHD events in men with wide QRS complex, and a more valid way to assess ventricular repolarization. PMC The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Simplified formula for determination of the QT interval in the presence of left, Example of determination of the QT interval and usage of the new formula, MeSH sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Am J Cardiol 93(8):10171021, Chakravarty S, Kluger J, Chhabra L, Ramu B, Coleman C (2015) Corrected QT in ventricular paced rhythms: what is the validation for commonly practiced assumptions? Unfortunately the Bazett correction overcorrects with heart rates >110 bpm and undercorrects with heart rates < 60 bpm. Unfortunately the Bazett correction overcorrects with heart rates >110 bpm and undercorrects with heart rates <60 bpm. Epub 2018 Sep 17. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010972. Epub 2017 Jun 7. 2020 QxMD Software Inc., all rights reserved. New formula for evaluation of the QT interval in patients with left bundle branch block. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Seeing through the maze of complete left bundle branch block. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Here we demonstrate the applicability of the "Bogossian formula" in pacemaker patients with LBBB due to apical or nonapical right ventricular (RV) pacing and preserved left ventricular function. If you log out, you will be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit. Conclusion: However, an overestimation of 30 ms should be included in the calculation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 40(4):409416 CrossRef, Zurck zum Zitat Frommeyer G, Milberg P, Witte P, Stypmann J, Koopmann M et al (2011) A new mechanism preventing proarrhythmia in chronic heart failure: rapid phase-III repolarization explains the low proarrhythmic potential of amiodarone in contrast to sotalol in a model of pacing-induced heart failure. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 40 13%. and covers all kinds of ventricular conduction defects (LBBB, RBBB and intraventricular delay) and the complete heart-rate spectrum (Table 1 ). ER -. Long-term outcomes of His bundle pacing in patients with heart failure with left bundle branch block. The QT interval measured during LBBB was corrected using the Bogossian formula to obtain the "modified QT" (QTm). The most commonly used QT correction is that of Bazett which was proposed in 1920. government site. PY - 2018/5/13/pubmed Erforderliche Felder sind mit * markiert. Type your tag names separated by a space and hit enter. AU - Chasan,R, 74 patients (65 13 years; male n = 42) with apical and 71 patients (68 11 years; male n = 42) with nonapical right ventricular pacing were included in this study. 2017 Apr;40(4):409-416. doi: 10.1111/pace.13027. The QTc interval was overestimated by QTc of 25 21 ms (mean deviation 5.7%) when using the Bogossian formula. Application of the Bogossian formula for evaluation of the QT interval in pacemaker patients with stimulated left bundle branch block. PY - 2018/5/13/entrez The Hodges correction and the Framingham Correction do not have these problems and are preferred in these situations. 2017 Apr;40(4):409-416 Lewis AJM, Foley P, Whinnett Z, Keene D, Chandrasekaran B. J Am Heart Assoc. Application of the Bogossian formula for evaluation of the QT interval in pacemaker patients with stimulated left bundle branch block. Clin Res Cardiol 107, 10331039 (2018). Epub 2020 May 19. Feasibility of RA-LV pacing in patients with symptomatic left bundle branch block: a pilot study. Keywords: [Intermittent bundle branch block: a clinical model for the study of electrophysiological phenomena]. Click here for full notice and disclaimer. Completing the square method is a technique for find the solutions of a quadratic equation of the form ax^2 + bx + c = 0. A new experimentally validated formula to calculate the QT interval in the presence of left bundle branch block holds true in the clinical setting . 2018 Nov;72(11):e13250. JT interval; QT formula; QT interval; QT prolongation; heart failure; left bundle brunch block; long QT. Bogossian H, Linz D, Heijman J, Bimpong-Buta NY, Bandorski D, Frommeyer G, Erkapic D, Seyfarth M, Zarse M, Crijns HJ. 8600 Rockville Pike AU - Zarse,M, SP - 1033 The presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) represents a particular challenge in properly measuring the QT interval. Calculate the corrected QT interval Questions 1.QT Correction? Twelve-lead ECG recordings were obtained during both intrinsic rhythm and RV pacing with induced LBBB. Keywords: Epub 2018 Jan 31. The QTc interval was determined to be 461 34 ms (modified by Bogossian's formula) in paced and 436 34 ms in intrinsic rhythm. The management of patients with new-onset LBBB may need to be more aggressive, possibly including early cardiac resynchronization therapy/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy. Die US-Fachgesellschaften haben 2009 empfohlen, entweder das JT-Intervall (QT-Zeit QRS-Dauer) mit dann entsprechend anderen Normwerten oder die QT-adjustment formula zu verwenden: QTm = QT 155 x (60/Herzfrequenz 1) 0.93 x (QRS 139) + k N2 - BACKGROUND: The presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) represents a particular challenge in properly measuring the QT interval. A total of 163 patients with a cardiac one- or two-chamber pacemaker were included in this prospective, multicentre observational study.

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