Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. But I have discovered that their investigation is flawed and in all probability tainted to a degree that means we will never be able to have faith in their final report into the killing. What's the least amount of exercise we can get away with? Mark Duggan inquest key evidence: Was he really armed? The IPCC's inquiry expressly did not address the events of 6 August 2011 and afterwards. [66] Lammy stated that Duggan's death occurred as part of "a history in Tottenham that involves deaths in police custody". Lawful Killing: Mark Duggan: Directed by Jaimie D'Cruz. One of those who left said "I have been alarmed to learn that not only have the IPCC broken their own guidelines by giving out erroneous information to journalists regarding the 'shoot-out' involving Mark Duggan and police that didn't actually happen. [4], He was known to be in possession of a BBM Bruni Model 92 handgun, a blank-firing replica of a Beretta 92 pistol, converted to fire live rounds. Mark Duggan was born in in September 15, 1981. There was a comment from David Cameron that it was criminality pure and simple. Music is the only way', "English riots were 'a sort of revenge' against the police", "Tottenham riots: a peaceful protest, then suddenly all hell broke loose", "Mark Duggan's death: two shots fired and two conflicting stories", Mark Duggan police shooting: IPCC inquiry finds no evidence of criminality: Shooter declined to answer questions orally, instead submitting written answers later, Mark Duggan was shot after raising weapon, firearms officer tells court, "Mark Duggan's family have little confidence in police probe, court hears", "Mark Duggan shooting report challenged by human rights groups", "Mark Duggan death: Met officers refuse IPCC interviews", "Britain's burning: what's behind the riots? Stafford Scott, originally appointed as an advisor to Operation Trident, resigned from the investigation because he felt that it was not being conducted fairly. But who is Bandokay and who was Mark Duggan? [143] Two witnesses testified that they saw a police officer move something from the minicab to the place where the gun was found, 20 feet away from Duggan's body. English man who was shot and killed by police in Tottenham, North London in 2011 at age 29. How The Media Shamefully Manipulated Mark Duggan's Death, "Thousands gather for Mark Duggan funeral", "Man dead and police officer hurt in Tottenham shooting", "Mark Duggan death: IPCC appeals for witnesses", "Release of information in early stages of Mark Duggan investigation", "Could the Tottenham riots have been prevented? Do you know this baby? The witness denied ever making such statements. . There was mass looting going on. The family of Mark Duggan, whose death sparked riots across England in August 2011, has settled a damages claim against the Met over his shooting. Weve taken the frontlines in the fight against racism off the estates, from out of the hood and were bringing it uptown. Duggan died from a gunshot wound to the chest. For now, Duggan's time is the fastest of any quarterback in the 2023 NFL draft combine. "[119], After the Hutchinson-Foster trial, Scott criticized the Trident police for inaction, writing: "So it is now clear that the police had a golden opportunity to remove an identified gunman and a firearm off of the streets but somehow managed not to do so. People need to be held to account for my son's death. So appalled and incensed am I at the killing of gentle, loving family man Mark Duggan last Thursday that I feel only the immediate illegal acquisition of an expensive consumer durable, preferably . At the time of the 2011 London riots, Derrick Campbell was the UK tsar for David Camerons government overseeing organised crime, gangs, and criminal use of firearms. [35] Paramedics from the London Ambulance Service and medical staff from London's Air Ambulance attended, but Duggan was pronounced dead at the scene at 18:41 BST. [45], The IPCC had commissioned tests on the pistol by the Forensic Science Service and had received advice that it was an illegal firearm. At a re-trial on 31 January 2013 Hutchinson-Foster was convicted of supplying Duggan with the gun and jailed. He had a fourth child with another woman, and a third woman was pregnant with his baby at the time of his death. ', "London riots: Mark Duggan's mother seeks justice for son", Mark Duggan death: application for judicial review into police protocol rejected, Mark Duggan death: Application for police collusion review rejected, Duggan Family Have Police Protocol Review Rejected: Pamela Duggan had called for an examination into how police collaborate on incident reports, Mark Duggan: the lessons the police haven't learned: A year after the killing of Mark Duggan, his family and community still feel ignored and marginalised, Mark Duggan's family have had to endure yet again, Gun conviction only raises more questions over Mark Duggan's death: Hutchinson-Foster has been jailed for supplying a gun, but if police had done their duty, Duggan might still be alive, "IPCC defies coroner over Duggan statements", Mark Duggan's Mother Leaves Court On Hearing Death Details: Judge sets September date for full inquest into 29-year-old's death, Full Inquiry Into Mark Duggan's Death Set For September, Mark Duggan inquest: commission investigating police shooting that sparked summer riots 'not fit for purpose': Death in 2011 in Tottenham led to widespread rioting across London and England, Inquest jury visits Mark Duggan shooting scene: Anonymous members of the court to get firsthand walkthrough of the places Duggan was before he was shot, Senior officer 'said Mark Duggan came firing' at police, "Mark Duggan inquest: Was he really armed? Officer W70 later testified that short-form reports are "deliberately brief". Mark Dreyfus . She said the officer "had an expression like he'd found gold. It was, said the coroner, "certainly a very poor quality indeed" and DCI Foote told the inquest "I had no information on which I could have arrested Mark Duggan.". This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. Haroon Siddique, " [40] According to another eyewitness cited in The Telegraph, a police officer had "shouted to the man to stop 'a couple of times', but he had not heeded the warning". An inquest jury considering the death of Mark Duggan, whose killing by police sparked widespread riots in England in the summer of 2011, decides he was lawfully killed. British black man shot and killed by police in 2011, "Mark Duggan" redirects here. I can never condone any sort of violence or damage to property, but I think the anger and frustration came out of a lot of different things, with the Mark Duggan case a catalyst. They had two sons aged ten and seven, and a baby daughter. The IPCC condemned the BBC for showing the footage without first consulting them. That really sent the most negative of signals to those who were outside. Can't believe I'm writing this. The funeral procession was watched by thousands of onlookers. [39], In November 2011, two members of the "community reference group" appointed by the IPCC, resigned from those posts. [91], On 12 August 2011 the IPCC announced that in the immediate aftermath of the incident they may have given misleading information to journalists to the effect that shots were exchanged between Duggan and the police. [62] Referring to the officers who killed Duggan, an IPCC spokesperson announced on 2 August 2013 that "We have found no evidence to indicate criminality at this stage." We also knew there were people who saw an opportunity and were deliberately agitating the water. En route to a fire call we drove down Green Lanes in Haringey, where there are 24-hour Turkish fruit and vegetable shops. These novel guidelines for children and youth aged 5-17 years respect the natural and intuitive integration of movement behaviours across the whole . Mr Duggan, 29, was shot dead by police who . degrees in Electrical Engineering at M.I.T. On 4 August 2011, Mark Duggan was shot and killed by police in Tottenham, north London, sparking the largest civil unrest the UK has seen for a generation. Buffalo, New York. His mother said he was a beautiful son but no angel, the police described him as a violent gangster, and on the formal conclusion of the inquest his occupation was listed simply as clothing retailer. Mark Duggan, Rashan Charles, Mzee Mohamed, Sheku Bayoh, Cynthia Jarrett, Kevin Clarke and the long list of other lives lost to police brutality shows that racial stereotypes and unconscious. He was once allegedly treated in hospital for a gunshot wound to his foot. The defendant was charged with supplying Duggan with the BBM Bruni Model 92 handgun, found near Duggan's car after his death. Close relatives of Duggan provided a glowing description of Duggan, father to four children. And the media who I felt were very poor and culpable of exacerbating the disturbance. He was a family man," one relative told London's The Guardian. [132], A public inquest on the killing had been scheduled for 28 January 2013. I did a lot of press interviews about 27 interviews in one day lots of stakeholder engagement, and lots of talking to the heads of gangs. Outrage about the police killing quickly escalated. Heaven's new angel. From 1953 onward, he was a fixture in both movies and television. Police had been trying to arrest Duggan because he had been carrying a handgun and they thought he was planning to shoot someone. [107], During the trial, prosecutor Edward Brown QC of QEB Hollis Whiteman contended that Duggan travelled to Leyton to collect the gun from Hutchinson-Foster, before driving to Tottenham with it. What science tells us about the afterlife. The police are human like us. [56] The IPCC announced on 9 August that there was no evidence that the gun had been fired, that this had not been ruled out and further tests were being conducted. Tue, 28 February 2023 8:11PM. 'Mark Duggan only got 2ft3ft from my car when he was shot'. The police later apologised for this delay. [42], One of the officers who had surrounded Duggan was hit by a bullet, which lodged in his radio. He idolised them." The uncle of whom his niece said: "Uncle Markie. With such encouragement, as well as meeting and becoming familiar with some Broadway folks, Duggan went into acting. [101] Members of the inquest jury may also be kept anonymous. [27] Duggan was described as having been increasingly paranoid[28][29] as a consequence of his cousin's death. THE SON of a gangster whose death sparked riots in 2011 is making his name as a drill artist. We went along to a police station and expected the police to have anticipated our arrival. With dramatised reconstructions of events and interviews with his family and the police. There was no looting whatsoever. [102] The IOPC (the successor to the IPCC) said in May 2021 that it would not reopen the investigation because there was nothing in the new reports to suggest that the findings of its investigation were incorrect. [104], The firearms officer involved in the operation known only as V53 provided written statements to the IPCC but refused to be interviewed. But Duggan was not the only person of colour police have killed over the years.. . The officer fires to his left and the bullet hits Mr Duggan in the chest and it should go from left to right but it went right to left. Hanley described feeling responsible for Duggan's death, seeing his ghost. Many lives were ruined by it, because you had young people who had never been involved in crime before, who simply got caught up in the moment, and they are now paying a heavy price for that. He'd also been arrested, but not charged, on suspicion of murder and was twice picked up after allegedly travelling in cars where ammunition and a gun were found. [38][39], The police who shot Duggan were part of the Specialist Firearms Command (CO19), accompanying officers from Operation Trident. The Daily Telegraph alleged that Duggan was bound to avenge his cousin's death by the "street code"[26] of the gang. When the riots happened, I was one of the people advising then prime minister David Cameron. With Leonie Alert, Nicola Ama, Neil Ashton, Chris Bell. I couldnt just walk away from that because above Wood Green shopping centre is a housing estate, with about 500 houses and flats. [139], A police officer appearing in support of the IPCC, wrote in a statement that during informal briefings at the scene of death "officers had apparently thrown a firearm found in his [Duggan's] possession over a fence so that it was out of reach and it would no longer pose a threat to them". "So thats why Im trying to go through music and do something positive, so they dont have nothing to say about me., I wanna stop being harassed by police. [84] The Independent stated on 8 January 2014: "The authorities wrongly said that he had been hit in an exchange of fire". [96] Deputy Assistant Commissioner Steve Kavanagh of the Metropolitan Police had already issued an apology (in August 2011) to the Duggan family for the manner in which police initially communicated with them,[97] suggesting that the IPCC had a responsibility to provide information to Duggan's family. Mark Duggan was killed by cops in a police gang operation with questions over whether the shooting was lawful. Sister Miriam Duggan, who has served . [98], In late March 2012 the IPCC indicated that the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 made it impossible for the organisation to reveal information obtained during its investigation into Duggan's death, making it doubtful if a public coroner's inquest into the killing could ever be held. There was a gathering of about 40 people, mainly young women, because it was led by the mother of Mark Duggan's children, Simone Wilson. They sought to commission an independent second postmortem. View history. Although a bullet had been found lodged in a police radio, there was no evidence that it had come from the gun in Duggan's possession. Stafford Scott of Tottenham Rights at new exhibition War Inna Babylon: The Communitys Struggle For Truths And Rights at the ICA. So I put in an urgent assistance call to control. Talking to one fairly well-educated and well-off anarchist, I felt there was a degree of stirring things up as well. [77], Rioting, arson and looting spread to other parts of London, and to elsewhere in England. It had been fired by the policeman identified only as V53 and had passed through Duggan's arm and then hit the officer. The IPCC said its investigation had substantially ended and that a final report would be issued later in August. The increasingly shabby treatment of former US marine Daniel Edmund Duggan by Australian authorities in the service of their US masters has again shown that the Australian passport is not quite worth the material it's printed on. [120] Duggan's family and members of his community suggested that they did not consider the IPCC impartial and did not believe that its investigation was succeeding. [124], Duggan's mother, Pamela, has said: "We still don't have justice. According to an unnamed firearms officer at the trial of Kevin Hutchinson-Foster in September 2012, Duggan pivoted out of the cab and pulled a selfloading pistol or handgun from his waistband. On 4 August 2011, Mark Duggan was shot to death by police in Tottenham, north London, after undercover officers forced the minicab in which he was travelling to pull over. Duggan had three children with his partner Semone Wilson at the time of his death, as well as three other children by other women. I saw that Mark Duggan got out and ran. ", "Man killed in shooting incident involving police officer", "Dead man Mark Duggan was a known gangster who lived by the gun", "The street code of vengeance that sparked the riots", "Neighbours' tributes to murdered Tottenham rapper 'everyone loved', "Father dies and policeman hurt in 'terrifying' shoot-out", "Tottenham police shooting: Dead man was minicab passenger", "London riots: the family of Mark Duggan says it has no trust in the IPCC", Mark Duggan shooting: give the IPCC the powers it needs to investigate, "Mark Duggan shooting: taxi driver tells court how police surrounded cab", "London riots: Mark Duggan died of gunshot wound to chest, inquest told", "Update on Mark Duggan investigation including details of ballistic tests", "A death at the hands of police and a vigil that turned to violence", "UK riots: Mark Duggan was nephew of Manchester gangster Desmond Noonan", Man 'Shot By Police' Was Friends With Nightclub Stab Victim, Mark Duggan investigation undermined by 'inaccuracies', The investigation of Mark Duggan's death is tainted. What is the plan to protect the high seas? [6], Conflicting accounts of the events leading up to Duggan's death were provided by the Metropolitan Police,[7][8] attracting criticism and suspicion from invested parties and other supporters. Love you, Sara." [144] One witness ("Miss J") said she saw the officer pick up the gun, adding: "It will never leave me for the simple reason it's not often you see a gun in broad daylight." I was very critical of the establishment, such as the local authorities, who in my view basically hid behind barricades and just let their cities burn. And we know what Martin Luther King says, about voiceless people; riots are the language of the voiceless. Following the anger over his death in Tottenham, London,protests erupted which escalated intoriots across London and other English cities. Following the inquest, a case was brought by Duggan's mother to the High Court seeking judicial review, arguing that the coroner's directions to the jury were legally incorrect. There was a gathering of about 40 people, mainly young women, because it was led by the mother of Mark Duggans children, Simone Wilson. Duggan's father, Vincent, is prone on a sofa. [36] The driver stated, "I saw that Mark Duggan got out and ran. The headline of this article was amended on 11 August 2021 to make clear the riots occurred in England, not across the UK. Hall has reiterated concerns about media portrayals, and produced her own film titled The Real Story of Mark Duggan. He said Duggan was shot in the back. [64] Since 1985 "there had been some progress made in the relationship between the local community and the police",[65] but the shooting "raised tension". in 1992 and 1994, respectively, and his Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University in 1999. [16] His maternal aunt Julie was married to Manchester gangland boss Desmond Noonan. In 2011, Mark Duggan was one of the targets of a police operation called Dibri which was focusing on a spike in gun-related incidents in London nightclubs. ; The primetime Fox drama Empire aired season 3 episode 2 on September 28, 2016, which portrays Black Lives Matter and police brutality when Andre Lyon is attacked by police officers for moving boxes outside his home, without any wrongdoing. (In February 2012 the police and the IPCC were forced to publicly apologise to the Duggan family and acknowledged it was their responsibility to deliver the death message). And he said I think we should walk down towards Mare Street just to have a look at whats going on. Professor Duggan's research focuses on the health care sector and also on the effects of government expenditure programs such as Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid on the behavior of individuals and firms. [90] IPCC officers also searched CCTV footage, 999 calls and radio transmissions. In January this year, Sydney's Downing Centre Local Court heard that Australian Attorney-General Mark Dreyfus accepted a request from the US before Christmas to extradite Duggan. [130] He says that members of Duggan's community feel ignored and lied to by authorities,[129] writing in March 2012: "In August 2011 the word on the streets was that 'they executed Mark'. So all the shopkeepers had to take it into their own hands to protect their shops. [101] Judge Keith Cutler later announced that the inquest would begin on 16 September 2013. Duggan is married, with two children. I remember one of the biggest complaints from the Wolverhampton community was that the police didnt do anything to protect their businesses, because the police thought it was better to protect the new multimillion pound bus station. [62][134] The inquest was expected to last for six to eight weeks. There was a gathering of about 40 people, mainly young women, because it was led by the mother of Mark Duggan's children, Simone Wilson. Officers attached to Operation Trident had Duggan under surveillance; police stated that they suspected Duggan was planning to commit a crime in retaliation for the killing of his cousin, Kelvin Easton,[26] who was stabbed to death outside a bar in East London in March 2011. I was in the office about 10 oclock, making a cup of tea and I saw on BBC News a burning building and riots. [38] Its presence may have been due to a ricochet or overpenetration. And its investigation is flawed and in all probability tainted so much so that we can never have faith in its final report. [103], Police stated that "no officer had done wrong" but announced that the person who shot Duggan would not remain on active firearms duty. We were aware of what had happened in Tottenham. The circumstances of Duggan's death resulted in public protests in Tottenham,[2] which led to conflict with police and escalated into riots across London and other English cities. At the time of his death, Duggan and his long-term partner Semone Wilson had three children together aged 10 years, 7 years, and 18 months. [88], The incident was immediately referred to the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC),[89] in accordance with standard practice when anyone dies or is seriously injured following police contact. [35] According to the taxi driver, who was granted anonymity at the subsequent inquest, Duggan left the car and ran: The car that had stopped men got out of it very quickly who were carrying guns in their hands. [34] David Lammy, MP from Tottenham, stated: "It is unacceptable that the police officers have not made themselves available for interview, and it is unacceptable that the IPCC does not have the power to compel them to do so. At the time of his death, Duggan and his long-term partner Semone Wilson had three children aged 10, seven and 18 months. He said the gang contained "48 of Europe's most violent criminals". [110][111], According to the evidence given by the cab driver and corroborated by one policeman present at the scene, Duggan got out of the taxi and ran in an attempt to escape. About 20:00 BST, a 16-year-old girl approached them and may have thrown a leaflet or a stone. [92], In response to rumours that the killing of Duggan was an "execution",[93] the IPCC announced: "Speculation that Mark Duggan was 'assassinated' in an execution style involving a number of shots to the head are categorically untrue. [32][86] The media was faulted for uncritically reporting the police's story that Duggan had shot firstalso shown to be false. [51][11] The IPCC asked for the power to interview police officers even if they are not suspected of having committed a crime. [20] Duggan's son, Kemani, is a member of the UK drill collective OFB going by the moniker Bandokay. [8] The IPCC initially reported that three officers had also witnessed an officer throw the gun, but later retracted this report. I get what theyre trying to do theyre trying to take weapons. There were around six shops that were starting to close and there was this real sense that something was going to happen in Hackney. He fathered six children in total, the youngest of whom was born after his death. A firearm was found at the scene. Judith Duggan passed away on November 28, 2021 in Etowah, Tennessee. Therefore the scenario can't be right? [9], There was a long history of tension between black communities and the police before and since the Broadwater Farm riot in 1985,[63] in which, according to David Lammy, Labour MP for Tottenham, the "cracks that already existed between the police and the community became deep fissures". [152], "V53", the officer who shot and killed Duggan, testified that Duggan was still holding a gun after both of the shots were fired, saying his eyes were "glued to the gun." Rev Betsy Blatchley: The anger and frustration came out of a lot of different things.. [4] The shot policeman was taken to a hospital and discharged the same evening. When we got to the station, we agreed among ourselves that the women should go inside because we didnt want the police to feel threatened. He told The Guardian: Whenever [the police] see me, they stop me.. Testimony from firearms officers was to remain entirely anonymous. Mark Gregory Duggan (born November 13, 1970) is the Wayne and Jodi Cooperman Professor of Economics at Stanford University, . [158] Subsequently, Cutler told the jury that he would accept a conclusion based on a majority agreement by 8 of the 10 jurors. His parents were of mixed Irish and African-Caribbean descent. 2023 BBC. [86], The riots brought international attention to Duggan's death, which one Iranian official described as a "human rights violation". ", "Statement from IPCC on Mark Duggan shooting", "Adviser quits Duggan inquiry with attack on 'shoddy investigation', "A dead man, a crucial question: should police have shot Mark Duggan? [155], During the inquest, student protesters were heard chanting: "Who killed Mark Duggan? For other inquiries, Contact Us. Not so much these days as the school's enrollment has dropped from more than 1,000 to less than 400 . [135], Inquest hearings began on 16 September 2013. Associated With British Labour Party politician David Lammy was publicly critical of the investigation surrounding Duggan's death. Shamaan Freeman-Powell News correspondent @Shamaan_SkyNews Friday 6 August 2021 14:44, UK 6:44 Sky News revisits some of the stories behind the riots He received his B.S. He was a defensive assistant at Ohio State in 2020, and the defensive coordinator at Arizona in 2020. [149] Another witness said there was "definitely" a phone in Duggan's hand. Seven months later the word is that the police had control of the gun or worse. The ABC sitcom Black-ish featured a debate about Black Lives Matter in the episode "Hope". Mark Duggan will be buried on Friday (Picture: Enterprise) In an interview with the Guardian, Miss Semone, 29, who is the mother to three of his children, said: 'When I finally did break the. Rhoads spent the 2022 season as the defensive coordinator on Mark Hudspeth's staff at Gulf Shores High School in Alabama. [5], The 11 officers involved initially refused interviews with the IPCC. in 1992 and 1994, respectively, and his Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University in 1999. Remember Mark Duggan? At the time of his death, Duggan and his long-term partner Semone Wilson had three children together aged 10 years, 7 years, and 18 months. At the time of his death, Duggan and his long-term partner Semone Wilson had three children aged 10, seven and 18 months. [38][57][58], It was also announced on 18 November 2011 that the IPCC would investigate whether the same gun had been used in an incident six days earlier, on 29 July 2011, when barber Peter Osadebay was assaulted in Hackney by 30-year-old Kevin Hutchinson-Foster after Hutchinson-Foster brandished a gun. [8] After some dispute over when the vehicle was moved, it was stated that police moved the taxi for examination and then returned it to the scene. [118][119] A report due in summer of 2012 was announced delayed in October 2012. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. I want no part in it, Statement intended to be read out to HM Coroner at pre-inquest hearing into death of Mark Duggan, "Doubts emerge over Duggan shooting as London burns", New questions raised over Duggan shooting, "Revealed: gang rivalry, Mark Duggan and the unavenged murder behind the London riots", "UK Riots: Mark Duggan 'Had a Loaded Pistol', "Mark Duggan's uncle was gang boss 'with more guns than the police', "Gang suspect killed by police did not fire his gun, tests show", "Mark Duggan death: 'No evidence' Tottenham man opened fire", "Metropolitan Police probed over 'Mark Duggan gun' incident", "Hutchinson-Foster guilty of supplying gun", "Revealed: Mark Duggan was not armed when shot by police", IPCC report on Mark Duggan shooting to be completed next month: Watchdog will finish report a year late into police shooting that sparked riots, "London riots: Tensions behind unrest revealed", "Tottenham riot: The lesson of Broadwater Farm", "Tottenham Burns: Rioting Erupts On Streets", "Riots in Tottenham after Mark Duggan shooting protest", "David Lammy: 'There is a history in Tottenham that involves deaths in police custody', "Tottenham's violence was wrong. NORMAN, Okla. Tanner Groves scored a season-high 23 points to go with 10 rebounds and Oklahoma rode a hot start all the way, beating No. [15] Between the ages of 12 and 17, he lived with his maternal aunt Carole in Manchester. When I came back that evening, there was a car set on fire and shop that was completely looted and wrecked. True False, Parent training and education (coupled with child education) in a community-based setting appear to be very effective. [31] Coroner Andrew Walker scheduled an initial hearing for 12 December 2011. Dougan fled after his home was raided by law enforcement authorities on March 14, 2016. The boys had grown up together on the estate - Mark was four in 1985 when "The Farm" exploded in riots following long-running tensions between the police and members of the mainly black community. Gangster rap: Mark Duggan with Junior Cameron, left, and Darrell Albert, who are serving life for murder and attempted murder And during the four-month inquest into his death, a torrent of. [67] Claudia Webbe, the chairperson of Operation Trident,[68] asserted that many black people see Duggan's shooting as "yet another unjust death in custody"[69] and that young black people in Tottenham are "still six, seven, eight times more likely to be stopped and searched than their white counterparts".